什么人创造了电脑系统英语作文-什么人创造了电脑系统英语
1.计算机英文字符用什么表示
2.有关于计算机的英语文章吗?带翻译的,5000字左右,有的话可以给分
3.现在电脑在人们的生活中变得越来越重要英语
4.电脑系统的分类
5.翻译英语
计算机英文字符用什么表示
一般纯英文单字节字符都用ascii码。
计算机(computer)俗称电脑,是现代一种用于高速计算的电子计算机器,可以进行数值计算,又可以进行逻辑计算,还具有存储记忆功能。是能够按照程序运行,自动、高速处理海量数据的现代化智能电子设备。
由硬件系统和软件系统所组成,没有安装任何软件的计算机称为裸机。可分为超级计算机、工业控制计算机、网络计算机、个人计算机、嵌入式计算机五类,较先进的计算机有生物计算机、光子计算机、量子计算机等。
计算机发明者约翰·冯·诺依曼。计算机是20世纪最先进的科学技术发明之一,对人类的生产活动和社会活动产生了极其重要的影响,并以强大的生命力飞速发展。它的应用领域从最初的军事科研应用扩展到社会的各个领域。
已形成了规模巨大的计算机产业,带动了全球范围的技术进步,由此引发了深刻的社会变革,计算机已遍及一般学校、企事业单位,进入寻常百姓家,成为信息社会中必不可少的工具。
有关于计算机的英语文章吗?带翻译的,5000字左右,有的话可以给分
电脑的学名为电子计算机,是由早期的电动计算器发展而来的。1946年,世界上出现了第一台电子数字计算机“ENIAC”,用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电工学院制造的,但它的体积庞大,占地面积170多平方米,重量约30吨,消耗近100千瓦的电力。显然,这样的计算机成本很高,使用不便。1956年,晶体管电子计算机诞生了,这是第二代电子计算机。只要几个大一点的柜子就可将它容下,运算速度也大大地提高了。1959年出现的是第三代集成电路计算机。最初的计算机由约翰·冯·诺依曼发明(那时电脑的计算能力相当于现在的计算器),有三间库房那么大,后逐步发展。 从20世纪70年代开始,这是电脑发展的最新阶段。到10年,由大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路制成的“克雷一号”,使电脑进入了第四代。超大规模集成电路的发明,使电子计算机不断向着 小型化、微型化、低功耗、智能化、系统化的方向更新换代。20世纪90年代,电脑向“智能”方向发展,制造出与人脑相似的电脑,可以进行思维、学习、记忆、网络通信等工作。 进入21世纪,电脑更是笔记本化、微型化和专业化,每秒运算速度超过100万次,不但操作简易、价格便宜,而且可以代替人们的部分脑力劳动,甚至在某些方面扩展了人的智能。于是,今天的微型电子计算机就被形象地称做电脑了。世界上第一台个人电脑由IBM于1981年推出。IBM推出以英特尔的x86为硬体架构,以微软公司的MS-DOS为操作系统的个人电脑,并制定以PC/AT为PC的规格。之后,由英特尔推出的微处理器以及微软推出的操作系统的发展几乎等同于个人电脑的发展历史。Wintel架构全面取代了IBM在个人电脑世界的主导地位。 通常说到“世界公认的第一台电子数字计算机”大多数人都认为是1946年面世的“ENIAC”,它主要是用于计算弹道。是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学莫尔电气工程学院制造的,它的体积庞大,占地面积170多平方米,重量约30吨,消耗近150千瓦的电力。显然,这样的计算机成本很高,使用不便。这个说法被计算机基础教科书上普遍用,事实上在13年根据美国最高法院的裁定,最早的电子数字计算机,应该是美国爱荷华州立大学的物理系副教授约翰·阿坦那索夫和其研究生助手克利夫·贝瑞(Clifford E. Berry ,1918-1963)于1939年10月制造的"ABC"(Atanasoff- Berry-Computer)。之所以会有这样的误会,是因为“ENIAC”的研究小组中的一个叫莫克利的人于1941年剽窃了约翰·阿坦那索夫的研究成果,并在1946年时,申请了专利。由于种种原因直到13年这个错误才被扭转过来。(具体情况参阅百度百科----“约翰·阿坦那索夫”词条,希望大家记住ABC和约翰·阿坦那索夫,希望以后的教科书能够修改这个错误)。后来为了表彰和纪念约翰·阿坦那索夫在计算机领域内作出的伟大贡献,1990年美国前总统布什授予约翰·阿坦那索夫全美最高科技奖项----“国家科技奖”。
中国电脑 中国的算盘是最早的运算工具。在人类文明发展的历史上中国曾经在早期计算工具的发明创造方面写过光辉的一页。远在商代,中国就创造了十进制记数方法,领先于世界千余年。到了周代,发明了当时最先进的计算工具——算筹。这是一种用竹、木或骨制成的颜色不同的小棍。计算每一个数学问题时,通常编出一套歌诀形式的算法,一边计算,一边不断地重新布棍。中国古代数学家祖冲之,就是用算筹计算出圆周率在3.1415926和3.1415927之间。这一结果比西方早一千年。 珠算盘是中国的又一独创,也是计算工具发展史上的第一项重明。这种轻巧灵活、携带方便、与人民生活关系密切的计算工具,最初大约出现于汉朝,到元朝时渐趋成熟。珠算盘不仅对中国经济的发展起过有益的作用,而且传到日本、朝鲜、东南亚等地区,经受了历史的考验,至今仍在使用。 中国发明创造指南车、水运浑象仪、记里鼓车、提花机等,不仅对自动控制机械的发展有卓越的贡献,而且对计算工具的演进产生了直接或间接的影响。例如,张衡制作的水运浑象仪,可以自动地与地球运转同步,后经唐、宋两代的改进,遂成为世界上最早的天文钟。 记里鼓车则是世界上最早的自动计数装置。提花机原理与计算机程序控制的发展有过间接的影响。中国古代用阳、阴两爻构成八卦,也对计算技术的发展有过直接的影响。莱布尼兹写过研究八卦的论文,系统地提出了二进制算术运算法则。他认为,世界上最早的二进制表示法就是中国的八卦。 经过漫长的沉寂,新中国成立后,中国计算技术迈入了新的发展时期,先后建立了研究机构,在高等院校建立了计算技术与装置专业和计算数学专业,并且着手创建中国计算机制造业。 中国是在1956年研制成功国产计算机的。1958年和1959年中国先后自主研制成功国产小型和大型电子管计算机。60年代中期,中国研制成功一批晶体管计算机,并配制了ALGOL等语言的编译程序和其他系统软件。60年代后期,中国开始研究集成电路计算机。70年代,中国已批量生产小型集成电路计算机。80年代以后,中国开始重点研制微型计算机系统并推广应用;在大型计算机、特别是巨型计算机技术方面也取得了重要进展;建立了计算机服务业,逐步健全了计算机产业结构。 在计算机科学与技术的研究方面,中国在有限元计算方法、数学定理的机器证明、汉字信息处理、计算机系统结构和软件等方面都有所建树。在计算机应用方面,中国在科学计算与工程设计领域取得了显著成就。在有关经营管理和过程控制等方面,计算机应用研究和实践也日益活跃。
The scientific name for electronic computer by early computer, is developed from electric calculator. In 1946, the world eared the first electronic digital computer "ENIAC", used for calculating trajectory. By the university of Pennsylvania electrician college manufacturing, Moore, the huge volume, but it occupies an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, consumption by nearly 100 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to use. In 1956, transistor electronic computer was born, this is the second generation of computers. Only a few bigger cabinet can will it hold, speed also greatly increased. 1959 eared in the third generation integrated circuit computer. Early computer by John and von neumann invention (then the computing power of computer now, there are three calculators) is so large, warehouse after between gradual development. From 20th century since the 10s, this is the latest stage of computer development. To 10, by large scale integrated circuit and vlsi circuits made of "no.1", make the computer clay into the fourth generation. The invention of vlsi, make the electronic computer constantly toward miniaturization, miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligent, systematic direction upgraded. During the 1990s, the computer to "smart" direction development, produce and the brain computer, can undertake similar thinking, learning and memory, network communication, etc. Entering the 21st century, the computer is notebook change, miniaturization and specialization, gigabits per second operation speed over 100 million times, not only operate simple, cheap, and can replace people part mental work, even in some ways expanded the human's intelligence. So, today's microcomputer is what has been aptly called computer. The world's first personal computers launched by IBM in 1981. Introduction to Intel's x86 IBM for hardware structure, with Microsoft's ms-dos for the personal computer operating system and formulated to PC/AT for PC specification. Later, launched by Intel microprocessor and Microsoft introduced the development of the operating system almost as fast as the development history of personal computers. Wintel architecture comprehensive replaced in the PC world of IBM's dominance. Usually said "the world recognized as the first electronic digital computer" most people think that is ailable in 1946, "it" ENIAC is mainly used for calculating trajectory. By the university of Pennsylvania is made of electrical engineering college Mohr, its huge volume, covers an area of more than one hundred seventy square meters, weight is about 30 tons, costs nearly 150 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, this computer cost is high, difficult to use. This statement is widely used Computer basic textbooks in 13, in fact, according to the United States Supreme Court ruled that the earliest digital electronic computers, should is the Iowa state university physics department associate professor John o SuoFu and its Tampa that graduate assistant cliff Berry (Clifford Berry e., 1918-1963) in October 1939 manufacturing "ABC" (Atanasoff - Berry - Computer). He this misunderstanding, because "ENIAC" one of the research team at Cleveland, called mo 1941, o John plagiarism SuoFu research achievements of the Tampa in 1946, and ly for a patent. Due to various reasons until 13 this error is turn them around. (particular case refer to baidu - "John o wikipedia entries and SuoFu" Tampa that hope everyone remember ABC and John o SuoFu, hoped later tantra that can modify this error of textbook. Later in order to commend and commemorative John o SuoFu in computer field tantra it within a great contribution in 1990, former U.S. President bush awarded Tampa SuoFu John o across the highest technology awards - "the state" eeffect ".
Chinese computer Chinese abacus is the earliest computing tools. In the history of the development of human civilization in China was once early computing tools invention aspects wrote a glorious page. Shang, China will he created a decimal numeration method, leading in more than 1,000 years. To the zhou dynasty, invented the most advanced computing tools - count chips. This is a kind of bamboo, wood or bone of different colors made of small stick. Computing every math problems, usually make up a set of GeJue forms of algorithm, side calculation, side constantly to cloth stick. Ancient Chinese mathematician zu chongzhi, is calculated by numerical raised in 3.1415927 3.1415926 and between of PI. The results earlier than the west for a thousand years. Abacus plate is another original Chinese, but also in the history of computing tools in the first major inventions. This light and flexible, convenient to carry, and people's living close calculation tool, first emerged when YuHanChao maturity, to the yuan dynasty. Abacus in Chinese economy not only dish played beneficial effects of the development, and spread to Japan, Korea, southeast Asia and other regions, withstand the test of the history, are still in use. Chinese inventions, it was the direction-guiding cart in waterway written instrument, such as car, jacquard machine drums, not only to the development of automatic control machines he outstanding contributions to computing tools, and the evolution produced direct or indirect impact. For example, it was made of zhang heng waterway, can automatically instrument with earth in moving synchronization, by the tang, song after two generations of improvement, thus became the world's first world. The car is written in the world drum, the earliest automatic counting device. Jacquard machine principle and the development of the computer program control he indirect effects. Ancient Chinese Yao with Yang, Yin constitutes a gossip, and two of the development of computing technology he direct influence. Leibnitz wrote research papers, systematically tabloid forward binary arithmetic algorithms. He thinks, the world's first binary representation is China's gossip. After a long silence, after the founding of new China, Chinese computing entered the new developing period, has established a research organization, in universities and colleges to establish computing technology and device professional and computational mathematics, and hands to create China professional computer manufacturing. China is developed successfully in 1956 in home computer. In 1958 and 1959 China has successfully developed independently domestic small and large tube computer. In the mid 60, China has successfully developed computer, and configuration of the transistor such language ALGOL compiler and other system software. In the late 1960's, China began to study computer integrated circuits. In the 10s, China has batch production small integrated circuit computer. In the 1980s, China began after key development microcomputer system and popularized; In large computer, especially huge computer technology has also made important progress; Established computer services, and gradually improve the computer industry structure. In computer science and technology research, China in finite element calculation method, mathematical theorems machine proof, Chinese information processing, computer system structure and software all aspects contribute. In computer lications, in Chinese scientific computing and engineering design fields he achieved remarkable success. In the related management and process control, computer lication research and practice is increasingly active.
现在电脑在人们的生活中变得越来越重要英语
现在电脑在人们的生活中变得越来越重要英语翻译是Now computers are becoming more and more important in people's lives.
电子计算机(electronic computer)通称电脑,是现代一种用于高速计算的电子计算机器,可以进行数值计算、逻辑计算,具有存储记忆功能,能够按照程序运行,自动、高速处理海量数据。
电脑越来越重要的原因:
1、信息管理,以数据库管理系统为基础,管理者提高决策水平,改善运营策略的计算机技术。
2、过程控制,利用计算机实时集数据、分析数据,按最优值迅速地对控制对象进行自动调节或自动控制。
3、技术,计算机技术包括CAD、CAM和CAI。制作电脑课件计算机教学简称CAI。在教学中可以将要授课的、和动画以及有危险或不容易实现的实验内容做成课件来展示,使学生更容易理解和接受教学内容。学生们也可以利用课件来进行自主学习。
4、多媒体应用,随着电子技术特别是通信和计算机技术的发展,人们已经有能力把文本、音频、、动画、图形和图像等各种媒体综合起来,构成一种全新的概念“多媒体”。听音乐、看**或动画片。在电脑上装上声音、和动画的播放软件,可以用电脑听音乐、看电视、看**或动画等,项目非常多。
5、计算机网络,由一些独立的和具备信息交换能力的计算机互联构成,以实现共享的系统。
电脑系统的分类
电脑系统操作系统是管理计算机硬件与软件的计算机程序,同时也是计算机系统的内核与基石,分类如下:
一、Windows操作系统:
Windows操作系统是最常见的计算机操作系统,是微软公司开发的操作软件。该软件经历了多年的发展历程,目前推出的win10系统相当成熟。Windows操作系统具有人机操作互动性好,支持应用软件多,硬件适配性强等特点。该系统从1985年诞生到现在,经过多年的发展完善,相对比较成熟稳定,是当前个人计算机的主流操作系统。
二、Mac OS系统:
Mac OS是一套运行于苹果Macintosh系列电脑上的操作系统。Mac OS是首个在商用领域成功的图形用户界面操作系统。现行的最新的系统版本是macOS 10.15 beta 4 ,且网上也有在PC上运行的Mac系统。Mac系统是基于Unix内核的图形化操作系统;一般情况下在普通PC上无法安装的操作系统。由苹果自行开发。苹果机的操作系统已经到了OS 10,代号为Mac OS X(X为10的罗马数字写法),它的许多特点和服务都体现了苹果的理念。
三、linux系统:
Linux是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统,是一个基于POSIX和Unix的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的Unix工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想,是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统。
百度百科-linux
百度百科-Mac OS
百度百科-Windows操作系统
翻译英语
我们都忙于谈论和使用互联网,但我们中有多少人知道因特网的历史呢?许多人对次干道惊讶--互联网建于二十世纪六十年代。那时,计算机又大又贵。计算机网络并不是普及好用。如果一台计算机网络崩溃,那么整个网络都无法运作。所以人们建立了一个新的系统。如果一台计算机不工作,新的网络系统可以继续工作,起初,互联网只由使用,但在二十世纪七十年代年代初,大学、医院和银行被允许使用电脑。然而,电脑仍非常昂贵和互联网的使用仍然非常困难。二十世纪九十年代初,计算机变得更便宜和更容易使用。
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